Which country has control over the majority of transport in the Arctic?

The correct choice is that Russia has control over the majority of transport in the Arctic due to its extensive coastline and significant investment in Arctic infrastructure. Russia has developed a vast network of icebreaker ships and ports along its northern coast, which are crucial for navigating the harsh Arctic conditions. The Northern Sea Route, which runs along Russia’s coast, has become increasingly important for international shipping, improving trade routes between Europe and Asia as Arctic ice melts.

Russia's military presence in the Arctic region further solidifies its control over transport and navigation through this area. It has established several bases and research facilities, asserting sovereignty and enabling it to safeguard its interests. Moreover, as climate change alters the landscape and opens new waterways, Russia's strategic initiatives and investments position it as the primary player in Arctic transportation, influencing shipping and resource extraction activities significantly.

In comparison, while other countries like Canada and Norway have interests and claims in the Arctic, they do not have the same level of infrastructure or strategic operations that allow Russia to dominate this region effectively. The United States, although a key Arctic nation, lacks direct access to the Northern Sea Route and has fewer operational capabilities specifically tailored for Arctic transport.